cellrank.estimators.GPCCA#

class cellrank.estimators.GPCCA(object, **kwargs)[source]#

Generalized Perron Cluster Cluster Analysis (GPCCA) [Reuter et al., 2019, Reuter et al., 2018].

See also

This is our main and recommended estimator implemented in pyGPCCA . Use it to compute macrostates, automatically and semi-automatically classify these as initial, intermediate and terminal states, compute fate probabilities towards macrostates, uncover driver genes, and much more. To compute and classify macrostates, we run the GPCCA algorithm under the hood, which returns a soft assignment of cells to macrostates, as well as a coarse-grained transition matrix among the set of macrostates [Reuter et al., 2019, Reuter et al., 2018]. This estimator allows you to inject prior knowledge where available to guide the identification of initial, intermediate and terminal states.

Parameters

  • object (Union[str, bool, ndarray, spmatrix, AnnData, KernelExpression]) –

    Can be one of the following types:

    • AnnData - annotated data object.

    • spmatrix, ndarray - row-normalized transition matrix.

    • KernelExpression - kernel expression.

    • str - key in obsp where the transition matrix is stored and adata must be provided in this case.

    • bool - directionality of the transition matrix that will be used to infer its storage location. If None, the directionality will be determined automatically and adata must be provided in this case.

  • kwargs (Any) – Keyword arguments for the PrecomputedKernel.

Attributes table#

absorption_times

Mean and variance of the time until absorption.

adata

Annotated data object.

backward

Direction of the kernel.

coarse_T

Coarse-grained transition matrix.

coarse_initial_distribution

Coarse-grained initial distribution.

coarse_stationary_distribution

Coarse-grained stationary distribution.

eigendecomposition

Eigendecomposition of the transition_matrix.

fate_probabilities

Fate probabilities.

initial_states

Categorical annotation of initial states.

initial_states_memberships

Initial states memberships.

initial_states_probabilities

Probability to be an initial state.

kernel

Underlying kernel expression.

lineage_drivers

Potential lineage drivers.

macrostates

Macrostates of the transition matrix.

macrostates_memberships

Macrostate memberships.

params

Estimator parameters.

priming_degree

Priming degree.

schur_matrix

Schur matrix.

schur_vectors

Real Schur vectors of the transition matrix.

shape

Shape of the kernel.

terminal_states

Categorical annotation of terminal states.

terminal_states_memberships

Terminal states memberships.

terminal_states_probabilities

Probability to be a terminal state.

transition_matrix

Transition matrix of the kernel.

Methods table#

compute_absorption_times([keys, ...])

Compute the mean time to absorption and optionally its variance.

compute_eigendecomposition([k, which, ...])

Compute eigendecomposition of the transition_matrix.

compute_fate_probabilities([keys, solver, ...])

Compute fate probabilities.

compute_lineage_drivers([lineages, method, ...])

Compute driver genes per lineage.

compute_lineage_priming([method, early_cells])

Compute the degree of lineage priming.

compute_macrostates([n_states, n_cells, ...])

Compute the macrostates.

compute_schur([n_components, ...])

Compute the Schur decomposition.

copy(*[, deep])

Return a copy of self.

fit([n_states, n_cells, cluster_key])

Prepare self for terminal states prediction.

from_adata(adata, obsp_key)

De-serialize self from AnnData.

plot_coarse_T([show_stationary_dist, ...])

Plot the coarse-grained transition matrix.

plot_fate_probabilities([states, color, ...])

Plot fate probabilities.

plot_lineage_drivers(lineage[, n_genes, ...])

Plot lineage drivers.

plot_lineage_drivers_correlation(lineage_x, ...)

Show scatter plot of gene-correlations between two lineages.

plot_macrostate_composition(key[, width, ...])

Plot histogram of macrostates over categorical annotations.

plot_macrostates(which[, states, color, ...])

Plot macrostates on an embedding or along pseudotime.

plot_schur_matrix([title, cmap, figsize, ...])

Plot the Schur matrix.

plot_spectrum([n, real_only, show_eigengap, ...])

Plot the top eigenvalues in a real or a complex plane.

predict(*args, **kwargs)

Alias for predict_terminal_states().

predict_initial_states([n_states, n_cells, ...])

Compute initial states from macrostates using coarse_stationary_distribution.

predict_terminal_states([method, n_cells, ...])

Automatically select terminal states from macrostates.

read(fname[, adata, copy])

De-serialize self from a file.

rename_initial_states(old_new)

Rename the initial_states.

rename_terminal_states(old_new)

Rename the terminal_states.

set_initial_states([states, n_cells, ...])

Set the initial_states.

set_terminal_states([states, n_cells, ...])

Set the terminal_states.

to_adata([keep, copy])

Serialize self to Anndata.

write(fname[, write_adata])

Serialize self to a file using pickle.

Attributes#

absorption_times#

GPCCA.absorption_times#

Mean and variance of the time until absorption.

Related to conditional mean first passage times. Corresponds to the expectation of the time until absorption, depending on initialization, and the variance.

adata#

GPCCA.adata#

Annotated data object.

backward#

GPCCA.backward#

Direction of the kernel.

coarse_T#

GPCCA.coarse_T#

Coarse-grained transition matrix.

coarse_initial_distribution#

GPCCA.coarse_initial_distribution#

Coarse-grained initial distribution.

coarse_stationary_distribution#

GPCCA.coarse_stationary_distribution#

Coarse-grained stationary distribution.

eigendecomposition#

GPCCA.eigendecomposition#

Eigendecomposition of the transition_matrix.

For non-symmetric real matrices, left and right eigenvectors will in general be different and complex. We compute both left and right eigenvectors.

Returns

A dictionary with the following keys:

  • 'D' - the eigenvalues.

  • 'eigengap' - the eigengap.

  • 'params' - parameters used for the computation.

  • 'V_l' - left eigenvectors (optional).

  • 'V_r' - right eigenvectors (optional).

  • 'stationary_dist' - stationary distribution of the transition_matrix, if present.

fate_probabilities#

GPCCA.fate_probabilities#

Fate probabilities.

Informally, given a (finite, discrete) Markov chain with a set of transient states \(T\) and a set of absorbing states \(A\), the absorption probability for cell \(i\) from \(T\) to reach cell \(j\) from \(R\) is the probability that a random walk initialized in \(i\) will reach absorbing state \(j\).

In our context, states correspond to cells, in particular, absorbing states correspond to cells in terminal_states.

initial_states#

GPCCA.initial_states#

Categorical annotation of initial states.

By default, all transient cells will be labeled as NaN.

initial_states_memberships#

GPCCA.initial_states_memberships#

Initial states memberships.

Soft assignment of cells to initial states.

initial_states_probabilities#

GPCCA.initial_states_probabilities#

Probability to be an initial state.

kernel#

GPCCA.kernel#

Underlying kernel expression.

lineage_drivers#

GPCCA.lineage_drivers#

Potential lineage drivers.

Computes Pearson correlation of each gene with fate probabilities for every terminal state. High Pearson correlation indicates potential lineage drivers. Also computes p-values and confidence intervals.

Returns

Dataframe of shape (n_genes, n_lineages * 5) containing the following columns, one for each lineage:

macrostates#

GPCCA.macrostates#

Macrostates of the transition matrix.

macrostates_memberships#

GPCCA.macrostates_memberships#

Macrostate memberships.

Soft assignment of microstates (cells) to macrostates.

params#

GPCCA.params#

Estimator parameters.

priming_degree#

GPCCA.priming_degree#

Priming degree.

Given a cell \(i\) and a set of terminal states, this quantifies how committed vs. naive cell \(i\) is, i.e. its degree of pluripotency. Low values correspond to naive cells (high degree of pluripotency), high values correspond to committed cells (low degree of pluripotency).

schur_matrix#

GPCCA.schur_matrix#

Schur matrix.

The real Schur decomposition is a generalization of the Eigendecomposition and can be computed for any real-valued, square matrix \(A\). It is given by \(A = Q R Q^T\), where \(Q\) contains the real Schur vectors and \(R\) is the Schur matrix. \(Q\) is orthogonal and \(R\) is quasi-upper triangular with 1x1 and 2x2 blocks on the diagonal.

If PETSc and SLEPc are installed, only the leading Schur vectors are computed.

schur_vectors#

GPCCA.schur_vectors#

Real Schur vectors of the transition matrix.

The real Schur decomposition is a generalization of the Eigendecomposition and can be computed for any real-valued, square matrix \(A\). It is given by \(A = Q R Q^T\), where \(Q\) contains the real Schur vectors and \(R\) is the Schur matrix. \(Q\) is orthogonal and \(R\) is quasi-upper triangular with 1x1 and 2x2 blocks on the diagonal.

If PETSc and SLEPc are installed, only the leading Schur vectors are computed.

shape#

GPCCA.shape#

Shape of the kernel.

terminal_states#

GPCCA.terminal_states#

Categorical annotation of terminal states.

By default, all transient cells will be labeled as NaN.

terminal_states_memberships#

GPCCA.terminal_states_memberships#

Terminal states memberships.

Soft assignment of cells to terminal states.

terminal_states_probabilities#

GPCCA.terminal_states_probabilities#

Probability to be a terminal state.

transition_matrix#

GPCCA.transition_matrix#

Transition matrix of the kernel.

Methods#

compute_absorption_times#

GPCCA.compute_absorption_times(keys=None, calculate_variance=False, solver='gmres', use_petsc=True, n_jobs=None, backend='loky', show_progress_bar=None, tol=1e-06, preconditioner=None)#

Compute the mean time to absorption and optionally its variance.

Parameters

  • keys (Optional[Sequence[str]]) – Terminal states for which to compute the fate probabilities. If None, use all states defined in terminal_states.

  • calculate_variance (bool) – Whether to calculate the variance.

  • solver (Union[str, Literal['direct', 'gmres', 'lgmres', 'bicgstab', 'gcrotmk']]) –

    Solver to use for the linear problem. Options are 'direct', 'gmres', 'lgmres', 'bicgstab' or 'gcrotmk' when use_petsc = False.

    Information on the scipy iterative solvers can be found in scipy.sparse.linalg or for the petsc solvers here.

  • use_petsc (bool) – Whether to use solvers from petsc4py or scipy. Recommended for large problems. If no installation is found, defaults to gmres().

  • n_jobs (Optional[int]) – Number of parallel jobs to use when using an iterative solver.

  • backend (Literal['loky', 'multiprocessing', 'threading']) – Which backend to use for multiprocessing. See Parallel for valid options.

  • show_progress_bar (Optional[bool]) – Whether to show progress bar. Only used when solver != 'direct'.

  • tol (float) – Convergence tolerance for the iterative solver. The default is fine for most cases, only consider decreasing this for severely ill-conditioned matrices.

  • preconditioner (Optional[str]) – Preconditioner to use, only available when use_petsc = True. For valid options, see here. We recommend the 'ilu' preconditioner for badly conditioned problems.

  • self (FateProbsProtocol) –

Return type

None

Returns

: Nothing, just updates the following fields:

compute_eigendecomposition#

GPCCA.compute_eigendecomposition(k=20, which='LR', alpha=1.0, only_evals=False, ncv=None)#

Compute eigendecomposition of the transition_matrix.

Uses a sparse implementation, if possible, and only computes the top \(k\) eigenvectors to speed up the computation. Computes both left and right eigenvectors.

Parameters

  • k (int) – Number of eigenvectors or eigenvalues to compute.

  • which (Literal['LR', 'LM']) –

    How to sort the eigenvalues. Valid option are:

    • 'LR' - the largest real part.

    • 'LM' - the largest magnitude.

  • alpha (float) – Used to compute the eigengap. alpha is the weight given to the deviation of an eigenvalue from one.

  • only_evals (bool) – Whether to compute only eigenvalues.

  • ncv (Optional[int]) – Number of Lanczos vectors generated.

  • self (EigenProtocol) –

Return type

EigenMixin

Returns

: Self and updates the following fields:

compute_fate_probabilities#

GPCCA.compute_fate_probabilities(keys=None, solver='gmres', use_petsc=True, n_jobs=None, backend='loky', show_progress_bar=True, tol=1e-06, preconditioner=None)#

Compute fate probabilities.

For each cell, this computes the probability of being absorbed in any of the terminal_states. In particular, this corresponds to the probability that a random walk initialized in transient cell \(i\) will reach any cell from a fixed transient state before reaching a cell from any other transient state.

Parameters

  • keys (Optional[Sequence[str]]) – Terminal states for which to compute the fate probabilities. If None, use all states defined in terminal_states.

  • solver (Union[str, Literal['direct', 'gmres', 'lgmres', 'bicgstab', 'gcrotmk']]) –

    Solver to use for the linear problem. Options are 'direct', 'gmres', 'lgmres', 'bicgstab' or 'gcrotmk' when use_petsc = False.

    Information on the scipy iterative solvers can be found in scipy.sparse.linalg or for the petsc solvers here.

  • use_petsc (bool) – Whether to use solvers from petsc4py or scipy. Recommended for large problems. If no installation is found, defaults to gmres().

  • n_jobs (Optional[int]) – Number of parallel jobs to use when using an iterative solver.

  • backend (Literal['loky', 'multiprocessing', 'threading']) – Which backend to use for multiprocessing. See Parallel for valid options.

  • show_progress_bar (bool) – Whether to show progress bar. Only used when solver != 'direct'.

  • tol (float) – Convergence tolerance for the iterative solver. The default is fine for most cases, only consider decreasing this for severely ill-conditioned matrices.

  • preconditioner (Optional[str]) – Preconditioner to use, only available when use_petsc = True. For valid options, see here. We recommend the 'ilu' preconditioner for badly conditioned problems.

  • self (FateProbsProtocol) –

Return type

None

Returns

: Nothing, just updates the following fields:

compute_lineage_drivers#

GPCCA.compute_lineage_drivers(lineages=None, method=TestMethod.FISHER, cluster_key=None, clusters=None, layer=None, use_raw=False, confidence_level=0.95, n_perms=1000, seed=None, **kwargs)#

Compute driver genes per lineage.

Correlates gene expression with lineage probabilities, for a given lineage and set of clusters. Often, it makes sense to restrict this to a set of clusters which are relevant for the specified lineages.

Parameters

  • lineages (Union[str, Sequence, None]) – Lineage names from fate_probabilities. If None, use all lineages.

  • method (Literal['fisher', 'perm_test']) –

    Mode to use when calculating p-values and confidence intervals. Valid options are:

    • 'fisher' - Fisher transformation [Fisher, 1921].

    • 'perm_test' - permutation test.

  • cluster_key (Optional[str]) – Key in obs to obtain cluster annotations. These are considered for clusters.

  • clusters (Union[str, Sequence, None]) – Restrict the correlations to these clusters.

  • layer (Optional[str]) – Key from layers from which to get the expression. If None or ‘X’, use X.

  • use_raw (bool) – Whether to use raw to correlate gene expression.

  • confidence_level (float) – Confidence level for the confidence interval calculation. Must be in interval \([0, 1]\).

  • n_perms (int) – Number of permutations to use when method = 'perm_test'.

  • seed (Optional[int]) – Random seed when method = 'perm_test'.

  • show_progress_bar – Whether to show a progress bar. Disabling it may slightly improve performance.

  • n_jobs – Number of parallel jobs. If -1, use all available cores. If None or 1, the execution is sequential.

  • backend – Which backend to use for parallelization. See Parallel for valid options.

  • kwargs (Any) – Keyword for the correlation test.

  • self (LinDriversProtocol) –

Return type

DataFrame

Returns

: Dataframe of shape (n_genes, n_lineages * 5) containing the following columns, one for each lineage: Also updates the following field:

compute_lineage_priming#

GPCCA.compute_lineage_priming(method='kl_divergence', early_cells=None)#

Compute the degree of lineage priming.

It returns a score in \([0, 1]\) where \(0\) stands for naive and \(1\) stands for committed.

Parameters

  • method (Literal['kl_divergence', 'entropy']) –

    The method used to compute the degree of lineage priming. Valid options are:

    • 'kl_divergence' - as in [Velten et al., 2017], computes KL-divergence between the fate probabilities of a cell and the average fate probabilities. Computation of average fate probabilities can be restricted to a set of user-defined early_cells.

    • 'entropy' - as in [Setty et al., 2019], computes entropy over a cell’s fate probabilities.

  • early_cells (Union[Mapping[str, Sequence[str]], Sequence[str], None]) – Cell IDs or a mask marking early cells. If None, use all cells. Only used when method = 'kl_divergence'. If a dict, the key specifies a cluster key in obs and the values specify cluster labels containing early cells.

  • self (FateProbsProtocol) –

Return type

Series

Returns

: Returns the priming degree and updates the following fields:

compute_macrostates#

GPCCA.compute_macrostates(n_states=None, n_cells=30, cluster_key=None, **kwargs)[source]#

Compute the macrostates.

Parameters
Return type

GPCCA

Returns

: Returns self and updates the following fields:

compute_schur#

GPCCA.compute_schur(n_components=20, initial_distribution=None, method='krylov', which='LR', alpha=1.0, verbose=None)#

Compute the Schur decomposition.

Parameters

  • n_components (int) – Number of Schur vectors to compute.

  • initial_distribution (Optional[ndarray]) – Input distribution over all cells. If None, uniform distribution is used.

  • method (Literal['krylov', 'brandts']) –

    Method for calculating the Schur vectors. Valid options are:

    • 'krylov' - an iterative procedure that computes a partial, sorted Schur decomposition for large, sparse matrices.

    • 'brandts' - full sorted Schur decomposition of a dense matrix.

    For benefits of each method, see GPCCA.

  • which (Literal['LR', 'LM']) –

    How to sort the eigenvalues. Valid option are:

    • 'LR' - the largest real part.

    • 'LM' - the largest magnitude.

  • alpha (float) – Used to compute the eigengap. alpha is the weight given to the deviation of an eigenvalue from one.

  • verbose (Optional[bool]) – Whether to print extra information when computing the Schur decomposition. If None, it’s disabled when method = 'krylov'.

  • self (SchurProtocol) –

Return type

SchurMixin

Returns

: Self and just updates the following fields:

copy#

GPCCA.copy(*, deep=False)#

Return a copy of self.

Parameters

deep (bool) – Whether to return a deep copy or not. If True, this also copies the adata.

Return type

BaseEstimator

Returns

: A copy of self.

fit#

GPCCA.fit(n_states=None, n_cells=30, cluster_key=None, **kwargs)[source]#

Prepare self for terminal states prediction.

Parameters
Return type

GPCCA

Returns

: Returns self and updates the following fields:

from_adata#

classmethod GPCCA.from_adata(adata, obsp_key)#

De-serialize self from AnnData.

Parameters

  • adata (AnnData) – Annotated data object.

  • obsp_key (str) – Key in obsp where the transition matrix is stored.

Return type

BaseEstimator

Returns

: The de-serialized object.

plot_coarse_T#

GPCCA.plot_coarse_T(show_stationary_dist=True, show_initial_dist=False, order='stability', cmap='viridis', xtick_rotation=45, annotate=True, show_cbar=True, title=None, figsize=(8, 8), dpi=80, save=None, text_kwargs=mappingproxy({}), **kwargs)[source]#

Plot the coarse-grained transition matrix.

Parameters

  • show_stationary_dist (bool) – Whether to show the coarse_stationary_distribution, if present.

  • show_initial_dist (bool) – Whether to show the coarse_initial_distribution.

  • order (Optional[Literal['stability', 'incoming', 'outgoing', 'stat_dist']]) –

    How to order the coarse-grained transition matrix. Valid options are:

    • 'stability' - order by the values on the diagonal.

    • 'incoming' - order by the incoming mass, excluding the diagonal.

    • 'outgoing' - order by the outgoing mass, excluding the diagonal.

    • 'stat_dist' - order by coarse stationary distribution. If not present, use 'stability'.

  • cmap (Union[str, ListedColormap]) – Colormap to use.

  • xtick_rotation (float) – Rotation of ticks on the x-axis.

  • annotate (bool) – Whether to display the text on each cell.

  • show_cbar (bool) – Whether to show the colorbar.

  • title (Optional[str]) – Title of the figure.

  • figsize (Tuple[float, float]) – Size of the figure.

  • dpi (int) – Dots per inch.

  • save (Union[Path, str, None]) – Filename where to save the plot.

  • text_kwargs (Mapping[str, Any]) – Keyword arguments for text().

  • kwargs (Any) – Keyword arguments for imshow().

Return type

None

Returns

: Nothing, just plots the figure. Optionally saves it based on save.

plot_fate_probabilities#

GPCCA.plot_fate_probabilities(states=None, color=None, mode=PlotMode.EMBEDDING, time_key=None, same_plot=True, title=None, cmap='viridis', **kwargs)#

Plot fate probabilities.

Parameters

  • states (Union[str, Sequence[str], None]) – Subset of the macrostates to show. If None, plot all macrostates.

  • color (Optional[str]) – Key in obs or anndata.AnnData.var used to color the observations.

  • mode (Literal['embedding', 'time']) – Whether to plot the probabilities in an embedding or along the pseudotime.

  • time_key (Optional[str]) – Key in obs where pseudotime is stored. Only used when mode = 'time'.

  • title (Union[str, Sequence[str], None]) – Title of the plot.

  • same_plot (bool) – Whether to plot the data on the same plot or not. Only use when mode = 'embedding'. If True and discrete = False, color is ignored.

  • cmap (str) – Colormap for continuous annotations.

  • kwargs (Any) – Keyword arguments for scatter().

  • self (FateProbsProtocol) –

Return type

None

Returns

: Nothing, just plots the figure. Optionally saves it based on save.

plot_lineage_drivers#

GPCCA.plot_lineage_drivers(lineage, n_genes=8, use_raw=False, ascending=False, ncols=None, title_fmt='{gene} qval={qval:.4e}', figsize=None, dpi=None, save=None, **kwargs)#

Plot lineage drivers.

Parameters

  • lineage (str) – Lineage for which to plot the driver genes.

  • n_genes (int) – Top most correlated genes to plot.

  • use_raw (bool) – Whether to access data in raw or not.

  • ascending (bool) – Whether to sort the genes in ascending order.

  • ncols (Optional[int]) – Number of columns.

  • title_fmt (str) – Title format. Can include {gene}, {pval}, {qval} or {corr}, which will be substituted with the actual values.

  • figsize (Optional[Tuple[float, float]]) – Size of the figure.

  • dpi (Optional[int]) – Dots per inch.

  • save (Union[Path, str, None]) – Filename where to save the plot.

  • kwargs (Any) – Keyword arguments for scatter().

  • self (LinDriversProtocol) –

Return type

None

Returns

: Nothing, just plots the figure. Optionally saves it based on save.

plot_lineage_drivers_correlation#

GPCCA.plot_lineage_drivers_correlation(lineage_x, lineage_y, color=None, gene_sets=None, gene_sets_colors=None, use_raw=False, cmap='RdYlBu_r', fontsize=12, adjust_text=False, legend_loc='best', figsize=(4, 4), dpi=None, save=None, show=True, **kwargs)#

Show scatter plot of gene-correlations between two lineages.

Optionally, a dict of gene names can be passed to highlight in the plot.

Parameters

  • lineage_x (str) – Name of the lineage on the x-axis.

  • lineage_y (str) – Name of the lineage on the y-axis.

  • color (Optional[str]) – Key in var or varm, preferring for the former.

  • gene_sets (Optional[Dict[str, Sequence[str]]]) – Gene sets annotations of the form {'gene_set_name': ['gene_1', 'gene_2'], ...}.

  • gene_sets_colors (Optional[Sequence[str]]) – List of colors where each entry corresponds to a gene set from genes_sets. If None and keys in gene_sets correspond to lineage names, use the lineage colors. Otherwise, use default colors.

  • use_raw (bool) – Whether to access raw or not.

  • cmap (str) – Colormap to use.

  • fontsize (int) – Size of the text when plotting gene_sets.

  • adjust_text (bool) – Whether to automatically adjust text in order to reduce overlap.

  • legend_loc (Optional[str]) – Position of the legend. If None, don’t show the legend. Only used when gene_sets != None.

  • figsize (Optional[Tuple[float, float]]) – Size of the figure.

  • dpi (Optional[int]) – Dots per inch.

  • save (Union[Path, str, None]) – Filename where to save the plot.

  • show (bool) – If False, return the Axes object.

  • kwargs (Any) – Keyword arguments for scatter().

  • self (LinDriversProtocol) –

Return type

Optional[Axes]

Returns

: If show = True, nothing, just plots, otherwise returns the axes object. Optionally saves it based on save.

Notes

This plot is based on the following notebook by Maren Büttner.

plot_macrostate_composition#

GPCCA.plot_macrostate_composition(key, width=0.8, title=None, labelrot=45, legend_loc='upper right out', figsize=None, dpi=None, save=None, show=True)[source]#

Plot histogram of macrostates over categorical annotations.

Parameters

  • adata – Annotated data object.

  • key (str) – Key from obs containing categorical annotations.

  • width (float) – Bar width in \([0, 1]\).

  • title (Optional[str]) – Title of the figure. If None, create one automatically.

  • labelrot (float) – Rotation of labels on x-axis.

  • legend_loc (Optional[str]) – Position of the legend. If None, don’t show the legend.

  • figsize (Optional[Tuple[float, float]]) – Size of the figure.

  • dpi (Optional[int]) – Dots per inch.

  • save (Union[Path, str, None]) – Filename where to save the plot.

  • show (bool) – If False, return the Axes object.

Return type

Optional[Axes]

Returns

: If show = True, nothing, just plots, otherwise returns the axes object. Optionally saves it based on save.

plot_macrostates#

GPCCA.plot_macrostates(which, states=None, color=None, discrete=True, mode=PlotMode.EMBEDDING, time_key='latent_time', same_plot=True, title=None, cmap='viridis', **kwargs)#

Plot macrostates on an embedding or along pseudotime.

Parameters

  • which (Literal['all', 'initial', 'terminal']) –

    Which macrostates to plot. Valid options are:

  • states (Union[str, Sequence[str], None]) – Subset of the macrostates to show. If None, plot all macrostates.

  • color (Optional[str]) – Key in obs or var used to color the observations.

  • discrete (bool) – Whether to plot the data as continuous or discrete observations. If the data cannot be plotted as continuous observations, it will be plotted as discrete.

  • mode (Literal['embedding', 'time']) – Whether to plot the probabilities in an embedding or along the pseudotime.

  • time_key (str) – Key in obs where pseudotime is stored. Only used when mode = 'time'.

  • title (Union[str, Sequence[str], None]) – Title of the plot.

  • same_plot (bool) – Whether to plot the data on the same plot or not. Only use when mode = 'embedding'. If True and discrete = False, color is ignored.

  • cmap (str) – Colormap for continuous annotations.

  • kwargs (Any) – Keyword arguments for scatter().

Return type

None

Returns

: Nothing, just plots the figure. Optionally saves it based on save.

plot_schur_matrix#

GPCCA.plot_schur_matrix(title='schur matrix', cmap='viridis', figsize=None, dpi=80, save=None, **kwargs)#

Plot the Schur matrix.

Parameters
Return type

None

Returns

: Nothing, just plots the figure. Optionally saves it based on save.

plot_spectrum#

GPCCA.plot_spectrum(n=None, real_only=None, show_eigengap=True, show_all_xticks=True, legend_loc=None, title=None, marker='.', figsize=(5, 5), dpi=100, save=None, **kwargs)#

Plot the top eigenvalues in a real or a complex plane.

Parameters

  • n (Optional[int]) – Number of eigenvalues to show. If None, show all that have been computed.

  • real_only (Optional[bool]) – Whether to plot only the real part of the spectrum. If None, plot real spectrum if no complex eigenvalues are present.

  • show_eigengap (bool) – When real_only = True, this determines whether to show the inferred eigengap as a dotted line.

  • show_all_xticks (bool) – When real_only = True, this determines whether to show the indices of all eigenvalues on the x-axis.

  • legend_loc (Optional[str]) – Location parameter for the legend.

  • title (Optional[str]) – Title of the figure.

  • marker (str) – Marker symbol used, valid options can be found in markers.

  • figsize (Optional[Tuple[float, float]]) – Size of the figure.

  • dpi (int) – Dots per inch.

  • save (Union[Path, str, None]) – Filename where to save the plot.

  • kwargs (Any) – Keyword arguments for scatter().

Return type

None

Returns

: Nothing, just plots the figure. Optionally saves it based on save.

predict#

GPCCA.predict(*args, **kwargs)[source]#

Alias for predict_terminal_states().

Parameters

  • args (Any) – Positional arguments.

  • kwargs (Any) – Keyword arguments.

Return type

GPCCA

Returns

: Same as predict_terminal_states().

predict_initial_states#

GPCCA.predict_initial_states(n_states=1, n_cells=30, allow_overlap=False)[source]#

Compute initial states from macrostates using coarse_stationary_distribution.

Parameters

  • n_states (int) – Number of initial states.

  • n_cells (int) – Number of most likely cells from each macrostate to select.

  • allow_overlap (bool) – Whether to allow overlapping names between initial and terminal states.

Return type

GPCCA

Returns

: Returns self and updates the following fields:

predict_terminal_states#

GPCCA.predict_terminal_states(method=TermStatesMethod.STABILITY, n_cells=30, alpha=1, stability_threshold=0.96, n_states=None, allow_overlap=False)[source]#

Automatically select terminal states from macrostates.

Parameters

  • method (Literal['stability', 'top_n', 'eigengap', 'eigengap_coarse']) –

    How to select the terminal states. Valid option are:

    • 'eigengap' - select the number of states based on the eigengap of transition_matrix.

    • 'eigengap_coarse' - select the number of states based on the eigengap of the diagonal of coarse_T.

    • 'top_n' - select top n_states based on the probability of the diagonal of coarse_T.

    • 'stability' - select states which have a stability >= stability_threshold. The stability is given by the diagonal elements of coarse_T.

  • n_cells (int) – Number of most likely cells from each macrostate to select.

  • alpha (Optional[float]) – Weight given to the deviation of an eigenvalue from one. Only used when method = 'eigengap' or method = 'eigengap_coarse'.

  • stability_threshold (float) – Threshold used when method = 'stability'.

  • n_states (Optional[int]) – Number of states used when method = 'top_n'.

  • allow_overlap (bool) – Whether to allow overlapping names between initial and terminal states.

Return type

GPCCA

Returns

: Returns self and updates the following fields:

read#

static GPCCA.read(fname, adata=None, copy=False)#

De-serialize self from a file.

Parameters

  • fname (Union[str, Path]) – Path from which to read the object.

  • adata (Optional[AnnData]) – AnnData object to assign to the saved object. Only used when the saved object has adata and it was saved without it.

  • copy (bool) – Whether to copy adata before assigning it. If adata is a view, it is always copied.

Return type

IOMixin

Returns

: The de-serialized object.

rename_initial_states#

GPCCA.rename_initial_states(old_new)#

Rename the initial_states.

Parameters

old_new (Dict[str, str]) – Dictionary that maps old names to unique new names.

Return type

TermStatesEstimator

Returns

: Returns self and updates the following fields:

rename_terminal_states#

GPCCA.rename_terminal_states(old_new)#

Rename the terminal_states.

Parameters

old_new (Dict[str, str]) – Dictionary that maps old names to unique new names.

Return type

TermStatesEstimator

Returns

: Returns self and updates the following fields:

set_initial_states#

GPCCA.set_initial_states(states=None, n_cells=30, allow_overlap=False, cluster_key=None, **kwargs)[source]#

Set the initial_states.

Parameters

  • states (Union[str, Sequence[str], Dict[str, Sequence[str]], Series, None]) –

    Which states to select. Valid options are:

    • str, Sequence - subset of macrostates. Multiple states can be combined using ',', such as ['Alpha, Beta', 'Epsilon'].

    • dict - keys correspond to initial states and values to cell IDs in obs_names.

    • Series - categorical series where each category corresponds to a macrostate. NaN values mark cells that should not be marked as initial_states.

    • None - select all macrostates.

  • n_cells (int) – Number of most likely cells from each macrostate to select.

  • allow_overlap (bool) – Whether to allow overlapping names between initial and terminal states.

  • cluster_key (Optional[str]) – Key in obs to associate names and colors with initial_states. Each state will be given the name and color corresponding to the cluster it mostly overlaps with. Only used when states is a dict or Series.

  • kwargs (Any) – Additional keyword arguments.

Return type

GPCCA

Returns

: Returns self and updates the following fields:

set_terminal_states#

GPCCA.set_terminal_states(states=None, n_cells=30, allow_overlap=False, cluster_key=None, **kwargs)[source]#

Set the terminal_states.

Parameters

  • states (Union[str, Sequence[str], Dict[str, Sequence[str]], Series, None]) –

    Which states to select. Valid options are:

    • str, Sequence - subset of macrostates. Multiple states can be combined using ',', such as ['Alpha, Beta', 'Epsilon'].

    • dict - keys correspond to terminal states and values to cell IDs in obs_names.

    • Series - categorical series where each category corresponds to a macrostate. NaN values mark cells that should not be marked as terminal_states.

    • None - select all macrostates.

  • n_cells (int) – Number of most likely cells from each macrostate to select.

  • allow_overlap (bool) – Whether to allow overlapping names between initial and terminal states.

  • cluster_key (Optional[str]) – Key in obs to associate names and colors with terminal_states. Each state will be given the name and color corresponding to the cluster it mostly overlaps with. Only used when states is a dict or Series.

  • kwargs (Any) – Additional keyword arguments.

Return type

GPCCA

Returns

: Returns self and updates the following fields:

to_adata#

GPCCA.to_adata(keep=('X', 'raw'), *, copy=True)#

Serialize self to Anndata.

Parameters

  • keep (Union[Literal['all'], Sequence[Literal['X', 'raw', 'layers', 'obs', 'var', 'obsm', 'varm', 'obsp', 'varp', 'uns']]]) –

    Which attributes to keep from the underlying adata. Valid options are:

    • 'all' - keep all attributes specified in the signature.

    • Sequence - keep only subset of these attributes.

    • dict - the keys correspond the attribute names and values to a subset of keys which to keep from this attribute. If the values are specified either as True or 'all', everything from this attribute will be kept.

  • copy (Union[bool, Sequence[Literal['X', 'raw', 'layers', 'obs', 'var', 'obsm', 'varm', 'obsp', 'varp', 'uns']]]) – Whether to copy the data. Can be specified on per-attribute basis. Useful for attributes that are array-like.

Return type

AnnData

Returns

: Annotated data object.

write#

GPCCA.write(fname, write_adata=True)#

Serialize self to a file using pickle.

Parameters

  • fname (Union[str, Path]) – Path where to save the object.

  • write_adata (bool) – Whether to save adata object.

Return type

None

Returns

: Nothing, just writes itself to a file.